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13A.1
b) She likes them both equally. I suppose I love them both as much as each other.
See Unit 9 for more on using prefer.
13A.2
1. She likes/doesn't like living in Rio.
2. She misses/doesn't miss Uberlândia.
3. She hasn't been back to Uberlândia for ten years/more than ten years.
4. She prefers prefer driving in Rio/Uberlândia.
5. She thinks/doesn't think Uberlândia is boring.
6. She thinks Rio is less exciting/more dangerous.
7. She thinks Mineiros are more/less serious than Cariocas.
8. The food in Minas is better/worse than Rio.
13A.3
That's a difficult question because they're very different. I really enjoy living in Rio. It's so beautiful - that's why it's called the 'marvellous city'. But sometimes I miss Uberlândia - even though I haven't been there for over ten years! We moved back to Rio when I was seventeen. Life moves more slowly in Uberlândia, it's quieter than Rio and much less chaotic. It's a lot easier to drive around and meet friends because it's so much smaller. Some people think it's an old-fashioned or boring place but I don't. While I love the buzz of Rio, Uberlândia is definitely safer too. Rio has the Atlantic forest of course, but there is some gorgeous countryside in Minas, especially the green hills. I suppose I love them both as much as each other.
Mineiros aren't the same as Cariocas. They're more serious and people say they work harder too. It's probably because they can't get to the beach so easily! In Minas they have the best food in Brazil. Nobody would argue with that!
13A.4
1. Ricardo's my younger brother. Fernanda
2. I think it's safer living in a flat. Fernanda
3. We eat later on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Fernanda
4. I'm feeling much better thanks. Rob
5. Do you have anything earlier? Rob
13A.5
|
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES One syllable add -er. smaller harder Two syllable adjectives (be careful), we can add -er and more/less. When the ending is -y we always add -ier. For spelling rules see below. funny/funnier quieter simpler more/less careful more/less modern Three or more syllables add more / less more chaotic/less chaotic more interesting/less interesting |
13A.6
|
Irregular adjectives good/better bad/worse further/farther
The beach is further/farther
than the shops. (UK we use both), (US use farther)
We often use than with comparatives Uberlândia's quieter than Rio. Rio is more chaotic than Uberlândia. |
13A.7
Spelling
|
13A.8
a bit, a little, much, very much, quite a lot and a lot
13A.9
1. Uberlândia's quieter than Rio.
2. The roads are much safer than in Rio.
3. This restaurant isn't as good as the one in Uberlândia.
4. I love them both as much as each other.
13A.10 Example answers
1. The Nile is longer than the Amazon.
The Amazon is larger and wider than the Nile.
2. China has more people than the USA.
The USA is a bigger country than China.
3. Mount Everest is higher than Mount Aconcagua.
Mount Aconcagua is nearer to Brazil than Mount Everest.
4. Cheetahs run faster than lions.
I think lions are more beautiful than cheetahs. (= opinion)
5. Football is more popular in Brazil than basketball.
I think basketball is a newer game than football.
13B.15
.
13B.16
but I don't
The complete sentence is: .but I don't think it's an old-fashioned or boring place. Or .but I don't think so.
You can stop the sentence before the verb. . but I don't.
|
When there's a full
verb, use the auxiliary verb do. They love the buzz of Rio, but we don't. He doesn't want a beach holiday, but she does. When there's a modal verb, use the same modal. She can't drive, but he can. We'll go for two weeks, but they won't. |
13B.17
Unstressed / stressed / unstressed: oOo
13B.18
1. Some people think Mineiros are the same as Cariocas, but I don't.
2. Some people think that Mineiros are more serious than Cariocas. I do too.
3. Some people think that Minas has the best food. I do too.
13B.19
|
Use more with
adverbs that end in -ly more slowly, more quickly, more easily. Don't use more with adverbs that end in -er She gets up earlier than him. He goes to bed much later than her |
13B.20
|
Irregular adverbs badly/worse fast/faster well/better further and/or farther
|
13B.21
Example answers
- You should try to be more confident.
- Why don't you try it again - you'll probably do it better?
- Try to read faster - don't worry about every word.
- You should study more next time.
- Why don't you sit closer to the board.
- You should listen more carefully when I give the instructions.
13B.22
Example answers
1. You should try to worry less.
2. Why don't you try it again - you'll probably do it better?
3. Try to read faster - don't worry about every word.
4. You should study more.
5. Why don't you read an English book?
6. Try to learn five new words every day.
7. You could go and see an English film.
8. Don't worry if you don't understand every word.
13C.1
| G break (a chair) |
| D die (peacefully) |
| A end (a lesson) |
| N leave (home) |
| F lend (a pen) to sb |
| H lose (your keys) |
| E miss a (bus) |
| C open (the window) |
| I push (a trolley) |
| J remember (a birthday) |
| L sell (flowers) |
| M send (an email) |
| B teach (English) |
| K win (the cup) |
13C.2
| More common verbs | Opposites |
| G break (a chair) | repair |
| D die (of cancer) | live |
| A end (a lesson) | begin |
| N leave (home) | arrive |
| F lend (a pen) to sb | borrow (sth) from (sb) |
| H lose (your keys ) | find |
| I miss a (bus) | catch |
| C open (the window) | close / shut |
| E push (a trolley) | pull |
| J remember (a birthday) | forget |
| L sell (flowers) | buy |
| M send (an email) | receive (get) |
| B teach (English) | learn |
| K win (the cup) | lose |
Pronunciation Tip
Notice that most (but by no means all) two syllable verbs have the stress on the second syllable. Most two syllable nouns and adjectives have the stress on the first syllable.
13C.3
He's died peacefully/He's lived to be a hundred.
She's finished the lesson/She's started the lesson.
They've left home/They've returned home.
She's lent him the pen/He's borrowed the pen.
You've lost your keys/You've found your keys.
She's missed the bus/She's caught the bus.
He's opened the window/he's closed the window.
We've pushed the trolley/We've pulled the trolley.
I've remembered his birthday/I've forgotten his birthday.
He's sold some flowers/He's bought some flowers.
She's sent an email/She's got an email.
They've taught English/They've learnt English.
He's won the cup/He's lost the cup.
13C.4
Go straight on/ahead. (picture AA)
Turn right/left. (picture DD)
Take the (first) turning on the (left). (picture BB)
Take (a bus) to (the main square). (picture CC)
13C.6
Pairs of Confusing verbs
| R ask (the time) | ____ for (some water) |
| P bring (a sandwich) | ____ (your change) |
| V find (some money) | ____ for (a key) |
| W meet (a friend) | ____ sth |
| Q say (a word) | ____ (a secret) |
| T steal (a wallet) from sb | ____ (a bank) |
| U wait for sb | ____ (to be on time) |
| S wash (your face) | ____ (your teeth) (= brush) |
| O win (the Lottery) | ____ (a salary) |
13C.7
| R ask (the time) | ask for (some water) |
| P bring (a sandwich) | take (your change) |
| V find (some money) | look for (a key) |
| W meet (a friend) | know sth |
| Q say (a word) | tell (a secret) |
| T steal (a wallet) from sb | rob (a bank) |
| U wait for sb | hope to (to be on time) |
| S wash (your face) | clean (your teeth) (= brush) |
| O win (the Lottery) | earn (a salary) |
13C.8
I had a terrible week last week - I was robbed. I had my watch stolen. I arranged to meet a friend and I was waiting for her outside the restaurant. I was looking for my mobile phone in my bag when a man came and asked me for some money. I told him I didn't have any money. I knew something was wrong though. He brought / took out a gun and told me to give him my watch. I didn't say anything. I just took my watch off and gave it to him. It was a horrible experience. I don't earn much and my watch was expensive. I had to ask everybody the time. I tookan alarm clock to school - I am terrible at timing lessons. But, now, things are getting better again! I found R$50 when I was cleaning out my wardrobe. Now I can afford to get a new watch!
13C.10
1. Verbs + infinitive
want to
would like to
learn to
hope to
need to
decide to
plan to
promise to
try to
seem to
offer to
pretend to
2. Verbs + -ing
love
enjoy
like
feel like
(don't) mind
can't stand
hate
finish
3. Verbs + -infinitive and -ing
These verbs can be followed by both to, with different meanings: start/stop, continue, forget and remember.
He stopped smoking. (= gave up)
He stopped to smoke a cigarette. (in order to have one)
He didn't remember to buy a birthday card. (= He forgot to do it)
He didn't remember buying a birthday card. (because he was tired but he did buy one).
13D.1
Fernanda met Rob at a conference in Brasilia. After one workshop, they started talking about different classroom activities. Fernanda thought some activities wouldn't work with her state school kids. But Rob didn't agree and said he'd like to visit Fernanda's school and teach a class. Fernanda accepted his offer.
Now Rob's just arrived in Rio. He hasn't been there before and is feeling a little nervous about teaching her class. He's feeling even more nervous about seeing Fernanda again.
13D.2
1. Wrong. His journey was faster than hers.
2. Wrong. He's staying at the Hotel Gloria.
3. (ü)
4. Wrong. She tells him to get a taxi.
5. (ü)
6. Wrong. The journey should take him about 20 minutes.
R: Hi Fernanda, it's Rob I'm here in Rio.
F: Hi Rob. How was your trip?
R: Very quick. It only took an hour.
F: Lucky you! It took me over a day by bus! Where are you staying?
R: At the Hotel Gloria. I've got a lovely room with a view of the Sugar Loaf.
F: Wow that's very posh! Is Rio as beautiful as you thought?
R: Yes, wonderful. But, it's more humid than Brasilia. Er, how do I get to your school?
F: It's probably easier to get a taxi. Take a taxi to Colegio Nossa Senhora. Can you say that?
R: Nossa Cenoura? Is that right?
F: (Laughs at his pronunciation) Nearly! Cenoura means carrot! It's pronounced senhora. It's got an H. Colegio Nossa Senhora. Repeat that twice please.
R: Oh, Colegio Nossa Senhora, Colegio Nossa Senhora. OK?
F: Very good!
R: How far is it?
F: About twenty minutes.
13D.3
a)6 b)4 c)2 d)1 e)3 f)7 g)5
Correct order from conversation
First: How was your trip? Very quick.
Second: Where are you staying? At the Hotel Gloria.
Third: Is Rio as beautiful as you thought? Yes, wonderful.
Fourth: How do I get to your school? It's probably easier to get a taxi.
Fifth: Can you say that? Nossa Cenoura.
Sixth: Is that right? Nearly!
Seventh: How far is it? About twenty minutes.
13D.4
| Third | fourth |
| Eighth | ninth |
| Tenth | eleventh |
| Fifth | sixth |
| Eleventh | twelfth |
| Sixteenth | seventeenth |
| Twentieth | twenty-first |
| Twenty-ninth | thirtieth |
13D.5
1. She was seventeenth/seventieth in the marathon.
2. We're leaving on the thirteenth/thirtieth of April.
3. It's their fourteenth/fortieth wedding anniversary.
4. It's his sixteenth/sixtieth birthday.
For more practice with numbers see Unit 1C
13D.6 Example answers
In US English, they say the month first and use ordinals less.
1. It's on the 25th of March/March 25th, 1961.
2. It´s on the 17th of March.
3. It's at the end of June. I think it starts on July 1st.
4. They're in a week's time.
5. It's my wedding anniversary on 14th June.
13D.7
The library
Okay, well, you have to go to the second floor. The stairs are just over there by the office. When you get to the second floor, go along the corridor and take the first turning on the right. Then it's the fourth door along. It's on the left, next to the science room. The library's got a bright red door, you can't miss it.
13E.1
1. (ü)
2. Wrong. I haven't been there for over ten years.
3. Wrong. Uberlândia's quieter than Rio and much less chaotic.
4. (ü)
5. (ü)
6. Wrong. Mineiros aren't the same as Cariocas.
7. Wrong. I love them both as much as each other.
8. (ü)
9. Wrong. It only took an hour.
10. (ü)
11. (ü)
12. (ü)
13E.2
1. marvellous
2. chaotic
3. forest
4. serious
5. pollution
6. modern
7. air-conditioning
8. airport
9. humid
10. taxis
13E.3
1. in 2. for 3. from or to 4. to 5. in (from) 6. to 7. in 8. almost 9. into 10. in
13E.4
| 1. I really enjoy living in Rio. | Eu gosto muito de viver no Rio. |
| 2. But sometimes I miss Uberlândia. | Mas, às vezes, eu sinto falta de Uberlândia. |
| 3. Life moves more slowly. | A vida passa mais devagar. |
| 4. Uberlândia's quieter than Rio. | Uberlândia é mais tranqüila do que o Rio. |
| 5. It's much less chaotic. | (Uberlândia) é muito menos caótica. |
| 6. It's a lot easier to drive around. | É muito mais fácil de circular de carro. |
| 7. It's so much smaller. | É muito menor. |
| 8. Some people think it's an old-fashioned place. | Algumas pessoas acham que é um lugar ultrapassado. |
| 9. But I don't. | Mas, eu não acho. |
| 10. I love the buzz of Rio. | Eu adoro a agitação do Rio. |
| 11. I suppose I love them both as much as each other. | Eu acho que amo as duas (cidades) igualmente. |
| 12. They're more serious. | Eles são mais sérios. |
| 13. Nobody would argue with that! | Ninguém discordaria disso. |
| (from 13D) | |
| 14. How was your trip? | Como foi sua viagem? |
| 15. It only took an hour. | Só levou uma hora. |
| 16. Lucky you! | Sorte sua! / Que sorte! |
| 17. It took me over a day by bus. | Eu levei mais de um dia de ônibus. |
| 18. I've got a lovely room with a view of the Sugar Loaf. | Eu estou num ótimo quarto com vista para o Pão de Açúcar. |
| 19. Is Rio as beautiful as you thought? | O Rio é tão bonito quanto você pensou que fosse? |
| 20. It's more humid than Brasília. | É mais úmido do que Brasília. |
| 21. How do I get to your school? | Como eu chego até sua escola? |
| 22. It's probably easier to get a taxi. | Talvez seja mais fácil pegar um taxi. |
| 23. Repeat that twice please. | Repita duas vezes, por favor. |
| 24. How far is it? | Qual é a distância? |
13E.6
3. Is Uberlândia quieter than Rio? Or What's Uberlândia like?
10. What do you like about Rio?
12. Are Mineiros different from Cariocas?
15. How long did it take?
à go to Unit 14 A
