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16A.3
Here are 3 things Fernanda does to relax:
1. Going to the cinema
2. Going shopping
3. Watching soaps
16A.4
1. She has quite a lot of free time. X I don't really have much time to relax.
2. Her favorite films are comedies. X I suppose my least favorite films are comedies.
3. She sometimes feels embarrassed in the cinema with Thiago. ü
4. She likes window-shopping. ü
5. Before she goes home, she always has a meal. X I have a coffee and some cheese bread.
6. She thinks soaps are an important part of Brazilian culture. ü
16A.5
I don't really have much time to relax, so when I'm free, I try to make the most of it. I like going to the cinema. The best films for me are the ones that make me think. I really like Brazilian films like Madame Satan and Carandiru. I suppose my least favourite films are comedies but Thiago loves them. It's embarrassing sometimes in the cinema because he laughs so loudly that everyone starts looking at us. But he doesn't care what people think, he just wants to have a good time when we're out.
Sometimes I go shopping to relax. I enjoy *wandering round shopping malls looking at the people and window-shopping but I don't usually buy much. I think the most expensive thing I've bought recently is a cover for my mobile phone. At the end of my shopping trips I always sit and have a coffee and some cheese bread. That's my little treat. And I love watching soaps, like most Brazilians. The stories are often unbelievable but always fun and very dramatic. It's funny how they influence our clothes and even the way we speak.
*Note: Wander = to slowly walk around in a relaxed way, with no particular purpose.
16A.6
a) add -est or -st when the adjective ends in -e smallest, finest
b) double the final consonant and add -est biggest, thinnest
c) change the -y to an -i and add -est laziest, friendliest
d) add the most / least the most careful, the least important
The rules are the same as for comparatives. See Unit 13A.
16A.7
| COMPARATIVE | SUPERLATIVE | |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| chaotic | more/less chaotic | the most/least chaotic |
| difficult | more/less difficult | the most/least difficult |
| famous | more/less famous | the most/least famous |
| far | *further/farther | the furthest/the farthest |
| good | better | the best |
| happy | happier | the happiest |
| late | later | the latest |
| little | less | the least |
| modern | more modern | the most modern |
*further and/or farther have two meanings:
. Distance
The beach is further/farther than the shops. (UK we use both)
The beach is farther than the shops.(US use farther)
. Extra or more
Call the conference organizer for further information. (UK/US)
See Unit 13 for more information on comparatives
16A.9
1. Today was a bad day, yesterday was worse, but Monday was the worst.
2. The traffic in Salvador is chaotic. It's more chaotic in Rio, but the most chaotic traffic is in São Paulo.
3. Spanish is a difficult language to learn. English is even more difficult, but the most difficult is Arabic.
4. Xuxa is famous. Ronaldo is more famous than Xuxa, but the most famous Brazilian is Pelé.
5. You can't drive, Recife is too far from here. Fortaleza is further than Natal. The furthest I have been is Manaus.
6. This exercise is good, although that one is better. That's the best exercise for teaching comparatives and superlatives.
7. I am a happy person. I was happier when I was a child though. My happiest memories are of family holidays.
8. I'm late today. Last week I was even later. The latest I have been is 8.30.
9. Could I have a little meat? That's too much, a little less please.
10. Cuiabá is modern. Goiânia is more modern but Brasilia is the most modern.
16A.10
1. What's the world's longest river? The world's longest river is the Nile. (Although the Amazon is the biggest river in size - it's wider and deeper)
2. What's the most poisonous fish in the world? The most poisonous fish in the world is the puffer fish. (The puffer fish is in the Red Sea and the Indo-Pacific region).
3. What's the farthest planet from the sun? Pluto's the farthest planet from the sun. (Mercury is the closest)
4. What's the brightest star in the sky? Sirius is the brightest star in the sky. (It is also known as the Dog Star)
5.Where's the largest flag in the world? The largest flag in the world is the Brazilian national flag in Brasilia. (It measures 70m x 100m)
6. Where's the world's biggest library? The world's biggest library is the Library of Congress in Washington DC, USA. (It has nearly 119 million items)
7. What's the noisiest land animal in the world? The noisiest land animal in the world is the howler monkey of Central and South America. (You can hear the males up to 4.8 km away).
8. What's the most widely spoken language in the world? The most widely spoken language in the world is English. (almost 1 billion people speak English - both native speakers and non-native speakers)
9. What's the fastest land animal in the world? The fastest land animal in the world is the cheetah. (It can run up to 100 kilometres per hour)
10. Which country has won the most World Cups? Brazil has won the most World Cups. (Brazil has won five times. They won in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002)
NB: You can either say What's the world's longest river? Or What's the longest river in the world?
16B.14
|
don't so most going suppose mobile phone soaps go window clothes |
comedies because shopping wandering often coffee |
to of for favourite some |
ones loves sometimes everyone doesn't cover |
looking good |
loudly out round how our |
stories bought |
For spelling rules of the letter 'o', see Unit 11B.
16B.15
1. What type of homework do you give to your students?
2. We have been using that book for three weeks.
3. I asked a student to get a photocopy for me.
4. My students don't like writing exercises for homework.
16B.16
1. To avoid repeating the word "films".
2. The best films for me are those that make me think.
3. The best restaurants are the ones that serve fresh salads and pastas.
16B.17
You probably didn't remember many because it was too random, no context, too hard, too many words at once, and altogether too impersonal.
16B.18
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16B.19
The stress doesn't usually change when a prefix is added. But the prefix is also stressed a little bit (secondary stress).
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16B.20
un- is the most common prefix
in- is the second most common prefix. The prefix -in doesn't always mean the opposite of something e.g. income, inside
ir- is usually before adjectives starting with R
im- is usually before adjectives starting with P or M
il- is usually before adjectives starting with L. e.g. logical - illogical, literate - illiterate.
Professional Tip
When you learn and teach an adjective, check if it has an opposite with a prefix. Learn both together.
Verbs sometimes take a prefix too for their opposite e.g. agree - disagree, like - dislike. Again point this out when you introduce new words, so students can learn 'two words for the price of one'.
Verbs sometimes take a prefix too for their opposite e.g. agree - disagree, like - dislike. Again point this out when you introduce new words, so students can learn 'two words for the price of one'.
16C.1
1. OK please sit down everyone.
2. Everybody! Please stand up.
3. Get out your books.
4. Please go back to your seat.
5. Pick up that book from the floor. Now! I said, pick it up!
6. Come in, all of you. Don't wait outside.
7. Please hand in your homework as you leave.
8. Everyone look at the board.
9. If you don't understand, look up the words in your dictionary.
10. Cross out the wrong words and tick the right ones.
NB: For picture N go out (of the door), in the UK we say go out of the door or go out (for an event). In the US they go out the door (without of). This is only used in the UK for directions/imperatives.
16C.3
P come in
L come over
F cross out
J cut up
H fall off
B fall over
E fall in love with (fall for sb)
I fill in (a form)
G find out
A get on with (your neighbors)
K get out
M get up
O give up
D go back (to your seat)
N go out (of the door)
C grow up (in Brasília)
16C.4
Can't separate Can separate________________________
| come in | cross out (Cross out the word/Cross it out.) |
| come over | cut up (Cut up the paper/Cut it up) |
| fall off | get out (Get out your book/Get it out.) |
| fall over | fill in (Fill in the form/Fill it in.) |
| fall in love with | give back (Give back the book/Give it back.) |
| get on with (you can never separate three-part verbs) | give up (Give up smoking/Give it up.) |
| get up | |
| go back | |
| go out | |
| grow up |
16C.5
Cross_it_out.
Cut_it_up.
Fill_in the form.
Get_it_out.
Give_it back.
Give_it_up.
16C.6
. You can't separate: verb + adverb (intransitive): He fell over. The plane took off.
. You can separate: verb + adverb (transitive): Cross out the word. Cross the word out. Cross it out.
. You can't separate: verb + preposition: I'm looking for my bag.
. You can't separate: verb + adverb + preposition. I get on with my neighbors.
These rules are useful for your reference, but would probably confuse students. The best advice you can give them is learn any phrasal verb with examples, which make it clear whether or not they can be separated.
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16C.7
A He came in.
F He crossed it out.
B He fell over.
K He found out.
O He gave up.
K He got out.
C He grew up in Brasilia.
D He went back to his seat.
A They don't get on with each other.
H He fell off.
N It went out of the door.
J She cut it up.
I She filled in a form.
M She got up late.
E They fell in love with each other.
16C.9
4. hand in (a form)
15. look after
8. look out of (the window)
10. look up (a word)
9. move back
6. pick up (a pen)
12. put on (clothes)
7. split up
14. take out
11. take back
1. throw away
13. tidy up
2. try on
16. turn down
5. turn off
3. wake up
They're in orange because they are the only ones which cannot be separated.
16C.10
land - take off
put away - take out
put down - pick up
take off - put on
turn on - turn off
turn up - turn down
16C.11
15. He's looking after a baby.
8. She's looking out of (the window).
10. He's looking up (a word).
9. They're move back.
6. He's picking up (a pen).
12. He's putting on (clothes).
7. They're splitting up.
14. He's take out his keys.
11. She's taking back a shirt.
1. She's throwing away a paper.
13. She's tidying up (the house).
2. She's trying on a dress.
16. He's turning down the music.
5. She's turning off the TV.
3. She's waking up (late).
16D.1
1. Rob and Fernanda are at Fernanda's school, in her classroom.
2. They're standing at the front of the classroom in front of the board.
3. They're there together because Rob has just finished teaching one of Fernanda's classes.
4. The students have all gone outside for a break.
16D.2
1b 2b 3c 4a 5a 6c 7c 8a
16D.3
1j 2d 3a 4f 5c 6h 7l 8k 9e 10b 11g 12i
R: What lovely students! Are they always like that?
F: Well, that's probably my best class. They were very excited. But you made them speak to each other. Well done!
R: Right, but a lot of it was in Portuguese! I can't imagine your worst class!
F: Actually, I'm teaching them after lunch. I'd love you to help me.
R: Sure, what do you want to do?
F: I don't know. Maybe a listening to give them some practice with a native speaker? Make the most of this opportunity.
R: They could ask me questions to find out about Britain and me.
F: Mm interesting, or we could have a conversation and they could listen to us?
R: A live listening - great idea. On what topic?
F: Well, we're on shopping at the moment.
R: OK. How about you and I acting out a role play? You know, as a model for them to do the same thing?
F: Brilliant! They'll love it.
16D.5
English please!
Sorry I don't understand Portuguese.
This is English speaking territory.
For every word you speak, you have to pay me one centavo!
We're not going home until you speak some English.
If you don't speak some English, we'll have to stop this activity.
If you don't speak English, I'll fail you!
Remind them about student contracts - you negotiate with students about when they can and can't speak Portuguese.
Portuguese.
This is an English class!
16D.6
1. Maybe a listening to give them some practice with a native speaker.
2. They could ask me questions to find out about Britain and me.
Infinitives of purpose
We use the infinitive + to to talk about the reason why someone does something.
I went to Joinville to see a friend.
I stopped to speak to Thiago.
I got up early to do some yoga before breakfast.
I waited all day to see you.
We use the infinitive + to to talk about the reason why someone does something.
I went to Joinville to see a friend.
I stopped to speak to Thiago.
I got up early to do some yoga before breakfast.
I waited all day to see you.
16D.7
Example answers:
1. I became a teacher to work with children and to do something useful for my community.
2. I didn't become a teacher to follow in my mother's footsteps, even though she's a teacher.
3. To be a good teacher you have to listen to your students and provide a variety of activities.
4. To be a good teacher you need to be patient and caring.
5. I'm doing this course to improve my English and to get some new ideas.
6. Last week I went to the library to borrow some new books.
7. If I have time I'll create some new materials to help my student with the present perfect.
8. In the future I'm going to study more to help me improve my level of English.
16E.1
1. Wrong. I don't really have much time to relax.
2. Wrong I like going to the cinema.
3. Wrong. I always sit and have a coffee.
4. Wrong. They influence the way we speak.
5. Wrong. Are they always like that?
6. Wrong. You made them speak to each other.
7. Wrong. I'm going to teach them after lunch.
8. Wrong. I could talk to them.
9. Wrong. As a model for them to do same thing.
16E.2
1. I really relax at weekends.
2. I go to the cinema two or three times a month.
3. I often watch films on TV.
4. I don't really like comedies.
5. Do you usually finish work late?
6. I phone my mother every night.
7. Advertising really influences us to buy things.
8. I'm really excited at the moment.
9. Portuguese is more difficult than English.
10. I rarely get the opportunity to go to the beach.
11. I had a great conversation with my students last week.
12. We have looked at loads of topics this semester.
16E.3
1. for
2. of
3. around/in (or about)
4. of
5. -
6. before/after/for
7. to/with
8. with
9. at
10. about
11. for
16E.4
| 1. I don't really have much time to relax. | Na verdade, eu não tenho muito tempo para relaxar. |
| 2. I try to make the most of it. | Eu tento aproveitar o máximo. |
| 3. I suppose my least favorite films are . | Eu acho que os filmes que eu menos gosto são... |
| 4. It's embarrassing sometimes. | Às vezes é constrangedor/ desconcertante. |
| 5. Everyone starts looking at us. | Todos começam a olhar para nós. |
| 6. He doesn't care what people think. | Ele não liga para o quê as pessoas pensam. |
| 7. He just wants to have a good time when we're out. | Ele só quer se divertir enquanto estamos fora. |
| 8. I enjoy wandering round shopping malls. | Eu adoro passear em Shopping Centers. |
| 9. The most expensive thing I've bought is. | A coisa mais cara que eu já comprei é... |
| 10. That's my little treat. | Isto é meu pequeno luxo/prazer/agrado. |
| 11. The stories are often unbelievable. | As estórias são sempre inacreditáveis. |
| 12. What lovely students! | Que alunos adoráveis! |
| 13. Well done! | Muito bem! |
| 14. I'm teaching them after lunch. | Eu darei aula para eles depois do almoço. |
| 15. I'd love you to help me. | Eu adoraria que você me ajudasse. |
| 16. What do you want to do? | O que você quer fazer? |
| 17. Make the most of the opportunity. | Aproveite o máximo da oportunidade. |
| 18. They could listen to us. | Eles poderiam nos ouvir. |
| 19. A live listening - a great idea. | Uma prática de listening, ao vivo - ótima idéia |
| 20. How about you and me acting out a role play? | O que você acha de eu e você interpretarmos um roleplay? |
| 21. As a model for them to do the same thing. | Como um modelo para eles fazerem a mesma coisa. |
| 22. What's the topic? | Qual é o tema? |
| 23. They'll love it. | Eles vão adorar. |
16E.6
1. How much time do you have to relax?
8. What do you enjoy doing?
9. What's the most expensive thing you've (ever) bought?
14. When are you teaching them?
23. Do you think they'll like it?
à go to Unit 17 A
