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4A.2
1. Two bedrooms, a kitchen, bathroom and living-room.
2. A sofa, an armchair, a TV, a lot of books, some shelves, a big plant and some photos.
If necessary, go to Vocabulary Builder Unit 11 to revise Prepositions of place.
4A.3
1. Fernanda lives in a rented house.
2. She's lived there for almost a year.
3. It's got two bedrooms.
4. It was empty when she moved there.
5. She's got one sofa.
6. There's a plant behind the TV.
7. There are some photos of her wedding.
8. She wants to stay there until they have children.
4A.4
I live in a small house with my husband. We've lived here for nearly a year. It isn't ours, we're renting it. It's got two small bedrooms a large green kitchen, a nice bathroom and a big living-room. We use the other bedroom as a study.
There wasn't anything here when we moved in. There were no curtains, there was no furniture, there weren't even any light bulbs - nothing at all! It was completely empty so we had to buy everything. It hasn't been easy. Now, it's full of things. We've got a sofa and an armchair in front of the TV and there are lots of books on the shelves. There's a big plant in the corner behind the TV. I love plants, they bring life into a house. On the wall above the sofa there are some photos of our wedding. It's our first home and we love it. When we have children we'd like to move to a flat. I think it's safer. There's a lot of violence here.
4A.8
There 's a
lot of violence.
's a tiny garden.
isn't a separate toilet. (US restroom)
are some shelves in the living-room.
aren't any curtains in the bathroom. (or - are no)
was no furniture when they moved in. (or - aren´t any)
weren't any light bulbs when they moved in. (or - were no)
4B.9
1. No, with plural nouns
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. Not usually, but you can use some when you expect the answer to be yes. Have you got some photos of your holiday? You can also use some in offers and requests. Could I have some bread? Would you like some coffee?
4A.10
1. Is there a tiny garden? Yes there is.
2. Is there a separate toilet? No there isn't.
3. Are there some shelves in the living-room? Yes there are.
4. Are there any curtains in the bathroom? No there aren't.
5. Was there any furniture when they moved in? No there wasn't.
6. Were there any light bulbs when they moved in? No there weren't.
THERE + BE
Present (singular)
+ There's a tiny garden.
- There isn't a separate toilet.
? Is there a garden? Yes there is.
No there isn't.
Present (plural)
+ There are some shelves in the living room.
- There aren't any curtains in the bathroom.
? Are there any curtains in the bathroom? Yes there are.
No there aren't.
Past (singular)
+ There was a lot of work to do.
- There was no furniture. There wasn't any furniture. There was none.
? Was there any furniture? Yes there was.
No there wasn't.
Past (plural)
+ There were lots of things to do.
- There were no light bulbs. There weren't any light bulbs.
? Were there lots of things to do? Yes there were.
No there weren't.
Present (singular)
+ There's a tiny garden.
- There isn't a separate toilet.
? Is there a garden? Yes there is.
No there isn't.
Present (plural)
+ There are some shelves in the living room.
- There aren't any curtains in the bathroom.
? Are there any curtains in the bathroom? Yes there are.
No there aren't.
Past (singular)
+ There was a lot of work to do.
- There was no furniture. There wasn't any furniture. There was none.
? Was there any furniture? Yes there was.
No there wasn't.
Past (plural)
+ There were lots of things to do.
- There were no light bulbs. There weren't any light bulbs.
? Were there lots of things to do? Yes there were.
No there weren't.
4A.12
Uncountable
air-conditioning, bread I'd like some bread/a piece of bread/a loaf of bread (not a bread), central-heating, information, news, safety, water.
Countable
bathroom, cup, curtains, loaf (loaves), plant, sofa.
Both (countable and uncountable)
light There's not much light in this room (U). Can you turn the lights on? (C), material There's so much material in this book (U). That's a nice material for your curtain (C).
wallpaper I want to buy some wallpaper (U). There are some nice wallpapers in that shop (C).
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
don't have
. a plural. You can't say breads/informations
. an indefinite article. You can't say a bread/an information.
Remember
Uncountable nouns are singular. The central-heating is on. The water's hot.
You can use the and some. the bread / some bread.
You can say a piece of furniture, four pieces/slices of bread, two pieces of information to talk about how many.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
They have
. a singular. a cup
. a plural. the plants/some plants/one, two, three plants.
Most dictionaries put U or C next to nouns to show you if they're countable or uncountable.
For more on countability see Unit 4B and Unit 7
don't have
. a plural. You can't say breads/informations
. an indefinite article. You can't say a bread/an information.
Remember
Uncountable nouns are singular. The central-heating is on. The water's hot.
You can use the and some. the bread / some bread.
You can say a piece of furniture, four pieces/slices of bread, two pieces of information to talk about how many.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
They have
. a singular. a cup
. a plural. the plants/some plants/one, two, three plants.
Most dictionaries put U or C next to nouns to show you if they're countable or uncountable.
For more on countability see Unit 4B and Unit 7
4A.13
Possible answers
1. are some 2. aren't 3. 's a shelf 4. wasn't any 5. isn't any 6. were some 7. were some old carpets 8. weren't any visitors
4A.14
Example answer
Client: Er, how many bedrooms are there?
You: Two. One double and one single.
Client: What furniture is there in your bedroom?
You: There's a bed, of course. A wardrobe and a chest of drawers.
Client: Is there a separate toilet and shower?
You: No they're together in the bathroom.
Client: Are there many shelves and cupboards?
You: Yes there are a lot of shelves and cupboards in all the rooms.
Client: What about the kitchen? Does it have everything I need?
You: Yes, it's well equipped. You won't need to buy anything.
Client: And what furniture is there in the living room?
You: There's a sofa and two armchairs. There's also a TV.
Client: Is there a CD player or a DVD?
You: There's a CD player but there's no DVD player. Sorry about that.
Client: How much is 10 day's rent for Carnival?
You: It's a thousand dollars.
Client: The other apartment I called was cheaper. Can you give me a discount if I pay in
advance?
You: Well I could take 5% less if you pay me in cash.
Client: OK. I'll let you know in 10 minutes. Thanks very much for your time and help.
You: That's okay. Look forward to hearing from you.
4B.17
1. mine 2. her 3. our 4. their 5. his
| Possessive adjectives | Possessive pronouns |
| That's my chair. | That's mine. |
| This is your study. | This is yours. |
| Those are his CDs. | Those are his. |
| That's her book. | That's hers. |
| Its garden is tiny. | No possessive pronoun |
| This is our house. | This is ours. |
| That's their car. | That's theirs. |
4B.18
1. It's got / There are two small bedrooms.
2. It didn't have anything. / There was nothing when we moved in.
3. There's a big plant behind the TV.
4. There are photos of our wedding on the wall.
Rules:
Use There is/are to talk about existence. E.g. Is there a God?
Use It's got for possession, condition or state It's got lots of problems = There are lots of problems.
Translate the sentences. Are they the same in Portuguese?
4B.19
1. something. There's something different about your house. Yes, we've re-decorated.
2. anything. Is there anything on TV tonight?
3. nothing. Our sofa broke yesterday so now we have nothing to sit on.
4. anything. There wasn't anything here when we moved.
5. something. There's something wrong with the air-conditioning.
6. anything. The study is a mess. I can't find anything.
The rules are the same as for some and any. See 4A exercise 9.
4B.20
Nothing. They both mean the same.
You can also say anyone or anybody; no-one or nobody.
The rules for the using someone, anyone and no-one are the same as for some and any.
See 4A exercise 9
4B.21
MUCH
? How much furniture have you got?
- We haven't got much furniture.
MANY
? How many plants have you got?
- We haven't got many plants.
For How much? How many? See Unit 17
A LOT OF/LOTS OF
+ There are a lot of books.
- There aren't a lot of books.
? Is there a lot of violence?
+ There's a lot of violence.
- There isn't a lot of violence.
Lots of means the same as a lot of but it's more informal.
- with uncountable nouns.
- with questions and negatives.
? How much furniture have you got?
- We haven't got much furniture.
MANY
- with countable nouns.
- With questions and negatives.
? How many plants have you got?
- We haven't got many plants.
For How much? How many? See Unit 17
A LOT OF/LOTS OF
- With countable and uncountable nouns.
- With questions, affirmatives and negatives.
+ There are a lot of books.
- There aren't a lot of books.
? Is there a lot of violence?
+ There's a lot of violence.
- There isn't a lot of violence.
Lots of means the same as a lot of but it's more informal.
4B.22
1. Is your house yours or is it rented?
2. How many rooms are there?
3. Is there an outside area?
4. How long have you lived there?
5. Describe what it was like before you moved in.
6. What changes have you made?
7. What are the main colours?
8. Have you got a lot of/lots of/much furniture?
9. Is there anything on the walls/floor?
10. Is everything now exactly as you want it to be?
4C.1
1 Rooms
O
A. the balcony
O
B. the bathroom
o O
C. the main bedroom
O
D. the dining room
O
E. the hall
O
F. The living-room
O O
G. the lift (US elevator)
O
H. the maid's room
o O o
I. the spare room / office
O
J. the stairs
O
K. the toilet (US restroom)
4C.3
2 Parts of a room
1. the ceiling
2. the floor
3. the wall
Furniture
4. the air-conditioning
5. a double bed
6. the central heating
7. an old chest of drawers
8. a modern coffee table
9. a gas cooker
10. the dining-table
11. a cupboard
12. the fireplace
13. the fridge
14. a radiator
15. the shower
4C.4
central-heating / air-conditioning
4C.5
The air-conditioning and the central-heating
4C.6
4 Furnishings
L a blind
M a carpet
N a curtain
O a lamp
P a light bulb
Q a mirror
R a picture
S a shelf (some shelves)
T some wallpaper
5 Facilities
U a car park (US parking lot)
V a children's play area
W a communal garden
X a games room
Y a gym
Z a laundry
AA a (heated/indoor/outdoor) pool
BB a roof terrace
CC a sauna
4C.6 A house is a building where people live. Often one family lives in a house.
A home is where people feel they belong. It's sometimes the place where they were born or the house or flat (US apartment) where they live.
When we travel or move away from our home we sometimes miss it. We feel homesick.
4C.7
1. A man's home is his castle.
It means you can relax there and do what you want. You're king or queen of your castle!
2. Make yourself at home.
It means relax as if you were in your own home.
4C.9
OR, A, AL, AU, AW, OU
Other unusual spellings: AR (warm), OUGH (thought) and OUR (four).
4C.11
Where do you live?
1. I live on Planet Earth.
2. I live in South America.
3. I live in Brazil.
4. I live in Sao Paulo.
5. I live in my own house/a rented flat.
6. I live in Berrini Avenue/Road. (US 'on')
7. I live at number 2478.
8. I live on the second floor.
9. I live with my family.
10. I live round the corner to the shopping mall.
1. I live on Planet Earth.
2. I live in South America.
3. I live in Brazil.
4. I live in Sao Paulo.
5. I live in my own house/a rented flat.
6. I live in Berrini Avenue/Road. (US 'on')
7. I live at number 2478.
8. I live on the second floor.
9. I live with my family.
10. I live round the corner to the shopping mall.
2. Would it be OK if I take tomorrow morning off to go to the dentist's?
3. May I have tomorrow morning off to go to the dentist's?
4D.2
| Accept | Refuse |
| 1. By all means. Go ahead. | 4. I'm afraid not as we need you here. |
| 2. That's fine. No problem. | 5. I'm very sorry but it won't be possible. |
| 3. Of course. Don't worry. | 6. Sorry but I can't allow that. |
4D.3
Fernanda's talking to somebody. She's in an office so it could be her boss. Also, the lesson's called talking to the School Director so I imagine it must be her! She could be the boss at the private language school where she works in the evenings. The office is quite clean and modern. It looks like a nice place to work. There are lots of papers on her desks. The other woman's older than her. She's sitting at her desk and working. Fernanda's holding something in her hand so they're probably talking about something to do with that. Perhaps it's a brochure about the conference in Brasilia. She's probably asking for permission for time off so she can go there.
4D.4
1. (She's) Fernanda's boss/the School Director.
2. (She wants to go) To the conference in Brasilia.
3. She'll be away for two days. She needs someone to cover her classes.
4. (She promises to bring) Photocopies of anything interesting and lots of notes.
4D.5
wants to go to the conference too but she can't because of her baby.
trying to help her to find a substitute, and
agreeing that she can go.
4D.6
F: Hi Sandra. Are you very busy? Can I have a word?
S: Sure, come in. I've just finished next year's timetable. Phew! Have a seat.
F: Thanks. Are you well?
S: Very. Everything OK with you?
F: Yes, fine thanks. But I'd really like to go to this conference in Brasilia. Is that possible?
S: Me too, but I can't because of the baby.
F: Of course. But there's a problem. I'll be away for two days.
S: Can you find someone to cover your classes?
F: Well, I could ask Clarissa. She doesn't teach on Fridays or Mondays.
S: That's a good idea. If not, maybe Sylvia could do them?
F: OK, I'll ask her too. So, if someone teaches my classes, I can go?
S: Yes, that's fine by me.
F: Great, thanks very much.
S: You're welcome. Don't forget to get photocopies of anything interesting for me.
F: No problem. And I'll take lots of notes too.
4D.7
1. May I share your book?
2. Can I have another copy?
3. Could I go to the toilet?
4. May I speak Portuguese?
5. Does anybody have an eraser please?
6. Do you mind if I go outside for a moment?
7. May I go and get a glass of water?
8. Could you tell me if this is right or wrong?
9. How do you say this in Portuguese?
Professional Tip
. Teach classroom phrases like this early to help your students speak together in English.
. Insist they use them when they speak to you and each other.
. Insist they use them when they speak to you and each other.
4D.8
A few techniques to reduce use of mother tongue in class:
. You and they can use mime, gesture, drawing, realia and pictures rather than words, to elicit English.
. Teach circumlocution: how to describe words when you don't know them rather than resort to translation.
It's what you say when .
It's like (a rabbit) but (not domestic).
It's a thing you use to .
. Teach classroom phrases and insist students use them.
. Rather than accept whole phrases in Portuguese, insist they at least mix the English they know with words they don't yet: Can you deixar me your goma?
. Use a bilingual dictionary (students read what they want to say in Portuguese but actually only say it in English).
. Give each student, e.g. 10 beans at the start of class. They lose one each time they speak Portuguese. Once they have no more beans they can't use any more Portuguese. This idea comes from the work of David Nunan.
. "Punishments": e.g. put a dot on their hands in black ink, a negative mark on the register, a 10 centavo fine, or just "ignore" offenders .
. Give plenty of praise for successful use of English.
. Pretend not to understand Portuguese yourself.
. Mix the class up, separating "friends" and repeated "offenders".
. Force them to say in English what they said in Portuguese.
. Establish rules for what's appropriate in and out of class, e.g. translation tasks only for homework.
. Make "performance" part of their evaluation, i.e. very little Portuguese and they get a 10% bonus on their mark.
4D. 9
I teach about 35 classes a week from Monday to Friday - and sometimes I teach on Saturday mornings as well. I have to because teachers' salaries in Brazil are low.
I teach about 25 classes at two different state schools. Lessons last 40 to 50 minutes. I generally teach beginners. Students are nice but they aren't very motivated and they never speak English.
They don't like doing homework, but I always give them ideas about how they can study at home - I think this helps.
In the evenings I work at a private language school. It's interesting teaching adults and children but It´s hard work.
I like teaching beginners because you can see the progress - that's if the student is serious and studies.
I love teaching adults but prefer kids 'cos they are so imaginative.
4E.1
1. Wrong. The house isn't ours.
2. Wrong. It's got a lovely green kitchen.
3. Right
4. Right
5. Wrong. In front of the TV.
6. Wrong. On the wall above the sofa there are some photos.
7. Right
8. Right
9. Right
10. Wrong. Thank God!
11. Wrong. There was no furniture in the house.
12. Right
4E.2
1. There were no curtains or lamps when we moved in.
2. There's a modern sofa's in front of the plant.
3. There's a lot of violence here.
4. A separate toilet.
5. Is there a roof terrace or a children's play area? (2 marks)
6. Is there a CD player or a DVD?
7. A discount for paying in advance?
8. Is this the air-conditioning or a radiator?
9. I need to go to the dentist's?
10. There's a conference in Brasilia.
11. Is that possible?
4E.3
1. They moved (in)to a brand new house.
2. There are plenty of books on the shelf.
3. There's a plant in the corner.
4. There are nice posters on the wall.
5. She agreed to meet him later.
6. He'll be away for a week.
7. She took a lot of notes.
8. That's fine by me. (or with me)
9. He doesn't teach on Mondays.
10. Can you get some information for me?
4E.4
| 1. I live in a small house. | Eu moro numa casa pequena. |
| 2. It's got two small bedrooms. | A casa tem 2 quartos pequenos. |
| 3. I met him at university. | Eu o conheci na Universidade. |
| 4. It hasn't been easy. | Não está sendo fácil. |
| 5. There's a big plant in the corner. | Tem uma planta grande no canto. |
| 6. On the wall above the sofa there are some photos. | Na parede, acima do sofá tem algumas fotos. |
| 7. My parents are very proud of me. | Meus pais se orgulham muito de mim. |
| 8. I think it's safer. | Eu acho que é mais seguro. |
| 9. There's a lot of violence here. | Aqui tem muita violência. |
| 10. Are you busy? | Você está ocupado? |
| 11. Can I have a word? | Posso dar uma palavrinha? |
| 12. I'd really like to go to this conference in Brasilia. | Eu gostaria muito de ir para esta conferência em Brasilia. |
| 13. Can you find someone to cover your classes? | Você pode encontrar alguém para dar suas aulas. |
| 14. I could ask Clarissa. | Eu poderia perguntar para a Clarissa. |
| 15. That's a good idea. | Boa idéia! |
| 16. Maybe Sylvia could do them? | Talvez a Sylvia poderia dá-las. |
| 17. OK, I'll ask her too. | Ok, Eu perguntarei para ela também. |
| 18. That's fine by me. | Para mim, tudo bem. |
| 19. Thanks very much. | Muito obrigada. |
| 20. You're welcome. | Não há de quê. |
| 21. No problem. | Sem problema. |
4E.6
1. Where do you live?
2. How many bedrooms has it got/does it have?
5. What's in the corner?
à go to Unit 5 A