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Unit 7. Key

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7A.1
1) 7.00     2) 5.30     3) 45 minutes     4) 6.45     5) 7.45

7A.2
1. Her classes start at 7 o'clock.
2. She gets up at 5.30.
3. Her journey to school by car takes about 45 minutes.
4. She arrives at school at about 6.45.
5. One day last week she arrived at school at 7.45 and missed her first class.

7A.4
1. always   2. usually   3. never   4. generally   5. hardly ever   6. normally
7. sometimes   8. usually   9. often

7A.5
never
0%_______________________________________________________________________________100%
          always    generally    hardly     ever    ~~never~~    normally    often    sometimes    usually

Professional Tip

Notice the silent letters in generally, usually and often.

7A.6
1. The adverb goes after the verbs be and can.

+ She's usually busy all day.     She can never relax.
- She isn't usually busy all day.    She can't ever relax
? Is she usually busy all day?    Can she ever relax?

2. The adverb usually goes before main verbs.

+ They usually go to bed late.
- They don't usually go to bed late.
? Do they usually go to bed late?

3. The adverb goes between have/has and the past participle.

+ I've always gone to work by bus.
- I haven't always gone to work by bus.
? Have you always gone to work by bus?

7A.7
    . o           o         o          o                 o
1. I always seem to be in a hurry in the mornings.
    . o               o      o o
2. I usually get up at 5.30.
    . o              o        ooo
3. I normally arrive at 6.45.

7A.8
1. a man. What type of man do you like?
2. b bread. I love bread.
3. b pens. There are some pens on the table.

7A.9
get       exercise     breakfast     never     bread     when
have     apples        traffic     bank          bad

7A.11
1. so. They always have to get up early so they don't go to bed very late.
2. but. I like relaxing at the weekend but sometimes I have to mark homework.
3. and. He often walks to work and buys a coffee on the way.
For examples and practice using so, because and which see Unit 6B exercise 20.

7A.12
1. What time do you generally get up?
2. How many times a day do you normally have a shower?
3. When do you get dressed?
4. What do you usually wear to work?
5. Do you ever wear a skirt to work?
6. What do you usually have for breakfast?
7. Do you ever do any exercise before work?
8. How do you travel to school?
9. What time do you normally arrive at school?
10. How many classes do you usually teach in the morning?

7B.15
dressed and missed

7B.16
1. I was driving is the Past Continuous. There was a bad accident is the Past Simple.
2. We use the past simple and past continuous together when something happened (the past simple: there was a bad accident) in the middle of another longer activity (the past continuous: I was driving).

7B.17
1. I was in the middle of making coffee when Paulo arrived.
2. Paulo arrived and after that I made some coffee (for us).

Professional Tip

Time lines are a good visual way to help students understand tenses.

For more ideas on time lines see Unit 12A
For more Past Continuous examples and practice see Unit 6B exercise 18

7B.18
1. They read their books while they were waiting to take the exam.
2. She stopped what she was doing at 11.30pm.
3. We were eating breakfast when Sandra called.
4. When I was running for the bus, I fell over.
5. I wasn't talking about you when you came in.

7B.19
Fernanda's a teacher, she teaches - English at a secondary school in - Rio. The school is about a forty-five-minute drive from her house. She gets up very early in the morning, but she's always in a hurry. She'd love to do some exercise before - work but she doesn't have - (the) time. For - breakfast, she always has some fruit - usually an apple or an orange. She also has a piece of bread and some cheese. Fernanda travels to - work by - car. When she arrives at - school she usually has a (some) coffee because she doesn't get a break before - lunch. She works full-time from Monday to Friday.

7B.20

A/an and the in English are used in a similar way to the articles in Portuguese but there are fewer forms in English.
We use a/an and the with:

singular and plural nouns. An apple, the apples.

jobs. Fernanda's a teacher. Fernanda's an English teacher.

We use an before a vowel sound: an ice-cream but a uniform

morning/afternoon/evening. She gets up very early in the morning. (but we say at night).

geographical positions. Manaus is in the north of Brazil.

countries that imply groupings. The United States, the UK, the Democratic Republic (of China), the Philippines

Why is it 'a secondary school' and then 'the school'?
She teaches at a secondary school. The school is about 45 minutes from her house.
We use the indefinite article a because it's the first time we read about Fernanda's school in this text. We use the definite article the in the second sentence because we now know which school.
We don't use articles with:

possessives. My car (NOT ~~The my car~~)

when we speak generally. I like music and football. Books are expensive.

the names of towns, cities and countries. She teaches in Rio. I'd like to visit Britain.

nationalities. Fernanda's Brazilian.

school subjects. She teaches English.

phrases at/to work; at school; at home; in/to bed. She'd love to do some exercise before work. When she arrives at school.

meals. She usually has an apple for breakfast.

days, months and festivals. Her days are full from Monday to Friday.

uncountable nouns e.g. She always has some fruit. Or 'she always has fruit'.

NB These are not all the rules, just the basic ones.

Professional Tip

. There are so many rules and exceptions for the use of articles. So, when you teach a noun always tell students whether or not it has an article. They'll then learn it with the word or phrase. Much easier!

7B.21
Fruit, cheese, and traffic are uncountable. Bread and coffee are also uncountable, but you can say a piece/slice of bread (two slices of bread, etc) and a coffee (four coffees, etc) meaning a cup of coffee. Exercise is uncountable in this context (when it means physical activity), but written exercises are countable. Mascara and lipstick are uncountable and countable eg She only wears a bit of mascara and lipstick (U). I need to buy a lipstick and a black mascara (C).
NB Uncountable nouns don't have a plural. You can't say one bread, two breads. See Unit 4 for more information on countable and uncountable nouns.

7C.2
HAVE
breakfast/lunch/dinner (= eat)
a meal/a snack/a sandwich/a drink (=consume)
a good time/a good journey/a birthday (=pass)
a shower (US = take)
(got) a motorbike/a large family/a girlfriend/the time/an appointment (= possess)
children (= produce)

7C.3
HAVE
A breakfast/lunch/dinner (= eat)
B a meal/a snack/a sandwich/a drink (=consume)
C a good time/a good journey/a birthday (=pass)
D a shower (US = take)
E (got) a motorbike/a large family/a girlfriend/the time/an appointment (= possess)
F children (= produce)

7C.4
Because we don't use articles for meals/routines but we do use them for individual items.

7C.5
GO
away (for the weekend)
by car/by plane/by train/on foot
on holiday
out (on Saturday night)
out (with someone)
home (by bus)
to bed/work (early/late)
to university/hospital/church/prison
to a (restaurant/conference)
to the beach/cinema
for a walk/run
running/shopping/swimming

7C.6
GO
G away (for the weekend)
H by car/by plane/by train/on foot
I on holiday
J out (on Saturday night)
K out (with someone)
L home (by bus)
M to bed/work (early/late)
N to university/hospital/church/prison
O to a (restaurant/conference)
P to the beach/cinema
Q for a walk/run
R running/shopping/swimming

7C.7
Because we don't use articles for common expressions like these. Others include:
in/to class/college, to/at sea and to/in/from town.
NB In US English in school/university/college are more common than at school, etc.

7C.7
GET
S married/fat/ready/(un)dressed/tired (= become)
T a newspaper/a stamp (= buy)
U a taxi/photocopies/a job (= take)
V an email/a letter (= receive)
W home/to work (= arrive)
X back (from work) (=return)
Y up (late)
Z out (your books)

7C.8
GET
S married/fat/ready/(un)dressed/tired (= become)
T a newspaper/a stamp (= buy)
U a taxi/photocopies/a job (= take)
V an email/a letter (= receive)
W home/to work (= arrive)
X back (from work) (=return)
Y up (late)
Z out (your books)

7C.10
Get up and get out. For more phrasal verbs see Vocabulary Builder 18.

7C.11
1. so. They always have to get up early so they don't go to bed very late.
2. but. I like relaxing at the weekend but sometimes I have to mark homework.
3. and. He often walks to work and buys a coffee on the way.
For examples and practice using so, because and which see Unit 6B exercise 20.

7C.12
/g/ and /b/ are voiced sounds.
/k/ is an unvoiced sound.
You usually need more breath for unvoiced sounds than voiced sounds. Ask students to put their hand in front of their mouth and say /g/, /b/ and /k/. More air should hit their hand for /k/.
Voiced sounds like /g/ and /b/ use the breath/air to vibrate the vocal chords and so less air usually comes out of the mouth.
The vowel sound is a bit longer before /g/ than /k/ e.g. bag and back.

Some spelling tips:

. /g/ sound is usually spelt g or gg. Sometimes gh (ghost) and gu (guest). The g can be silent in a word (sign).
. /k/ sound is spelt c or k (in first position), cc or ck (in middle position), k, ck, c and ch (ache) (in final position). Sometimes it's spelt qu (quick) and x (six)
. It can be silent at the beginning of words like knife.
. /b/ sound is spelt b or bb. It can be silent in a word (bomb)

7D.1
1. Yes (he does).
2. (For) Four (nights).
3. No, (he isn't hungry just tired).
4. No (they don't).

7D.2
1.c    2.e    3.f    4.a    5.d    6.b

TS
R Good evening. I have a reservation in the name of Knapp.
Check in Clerk: Just a moment, please. Er, I'm afraid I've got nothing for Nap. Is that N-A-P?
R No, sorry, it's Knapp with a K and double P.
CiC Sorry sir. Ah yes, here we are. A double room for four nights. Mr Knapp, Mr Hob K-napp.
R Sort of. It's Rob - with an R and Knapp with a silent K.
CiC Mr Rob Knapp?
R Great, that's right.
CiC May I see your passport, please?
R Here you are.
CiC Thank you.
R What time's breakfast?
CiC From 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. And dinner is from 8 till 11. It's closing in half an hour.
R Thanks but I'm really not hungry. I just need to sleep.
CiC Of course. Here's your key. You're in room 518, on the fifth floor. Do you need any help with your bags?
R No, it's OK. I've only got this one and it's got wheels. Thank you.
CiC Thank you. Good night sir. Sleep well!

7D.3
         /j/
1. May_I see your passport please?
               /w/
2. Here you_are.

3. Do you need_any help with your bags?
      /w/
4. No_it's _okay.
5. Just_a moment, please.
             /r/                    /w/
6. Dinner_is from_eight to_eleven.
            /r/
7. You're_in room five one_eight.

Linking Rules (Intrusive sounds)

7D.4
1. He earns millions. /j/
2. Here_or there? /r/
3. You_and me. /w/
4. I_ache. /j/
5. Grey_and white. /j/
6. Law_and order. /r/
7. Her_ears and her_eyes. /r/
8. Very_interesting. /j/
9. Go_inside. /w/
10. You_always say that. /w/
11. An hour_and a half. /r/
12. It was so_exciting. /w/

7D.5

For help with saying the letters of the alphabet see Unit 3D exercise 5.

7D.6
You_are too good to me to be forgotten!

7D.7
1. Can I borrow your (pen)? Students
2. Can you lend me a (pencil), please? Students
3. Do you have a (pencil), please? Students
4. May I see your homework please? Teacher
5. Could I just interrupt you? Teacher
6. Can you help me, please? Students
7. Could you say that again, please? Students
8. Can you speak more slowly, please? Students
9. Could you open the window, please? Teacher
10. Could I go to the toilet, please? Students

7D.9
Be my guest. By all means. Certainly. Go ahead. No problem. Of course. OK.
NB To give things to people we can say any combination of these:
Here you are.
There you go.

7D.10
Certainly not and Of course not both of which are quite blunt.
Normally, to refuse requests, we use polite forms like. I'm afraid not (I need it myself) or I'm sorry but (I'm using it).

7E.1
1. I seem to be in a hurry in the morning.
2. I have a piece of bread and some cheese for breakfast. ü
3. We don't have to wear a uniform.
4. I only wear a bit of mascara and lipstick.ü
5. Last week when I was driving to school, there was a bad accident.
6. I usually arrive at 6.45 am .ü
7. I have a reservation in the name of Knapp.
8. I'm afraid I've got nothing in the name of Nap.
9. I just need to sleep.
10. What time's breakfast ü
11. It's closing in half an hour.
12. Do you need any help with your bags?

7E.2
1. do some exercise
2. apples are my favourite
3. wear a special uniform
4. I don't wear make-up.
5. There was a bad accident.
6. I have a reservation.
7. I generally have some fruit for breakfast.
8. I go in jeans and a blouse.
9. I needed another coffee.
10. It normally takes about 45 forty-five minutes.
11. I usually get up at 5.30.
12. I think it's very interesting.

7E.3
1. in. I'm in a hurry.
2. of . Can I have a piece of cake, please.
3. in. I go to work in jeans and a blouse.
4. for. I don't want to be late for school.
5. of. I've got a bit of a headache.
6. by. We're going by car.
7. about. It takes about/ (-) 20 minutes.
8. in. I made a reservation in the name of Gonzaga.
9. till. The class is from 9 till 11.
10. in. The bank closes in half an hour.
11. with . Do you need help with your homework?
12. on. The classroom's on the first floor.
13. in. You're in room 518.
14. with. Do you need help with your bags?
15. on. It starts on/(-) Monday.

7E.4
(from 7A)

1. Classes start at 7o'clock.	As aulas começam às 7h00.
2. I'd love to have time to do some exercise.	Eu adoraria ter tempo para fazer alguns exercícios.
3. I always have some fruit for breakfast.	No café da manhã eu sempre como alguma fruta.
4. We don't have to wear a uniform.	Nós não temos que usar uniforme.
5. I go by car and it usually takes about forty-five minutes.	Eu vou de carro e costumo demorar 45 minutos.
6. I usually arrive at about 6.45am.	Eu costumo chegar mais ou menos às 6h45 da manhã.
7. I'm hardly ever late.	Dificilmente me atraso.
8. I missed my first class.	Eu perdi minha primeira aula.
9. I needed another coffee.	Eu precisava de mais um café.
10. My timetable is quite tough.	Meu horário é muito puxado.
11. I have to teach five classes before lunch.	Eu tenho que dar cinco aulas antes do almoço.
12. By lunchtime I'm absolutely starving!	Quando chega a hora do almoço, eu estou faminta!

(from 7D)

13. I have a reservation in the name of Knapp.	Eu tenho uma reserva em nome de Knapp.
14. Is that N-A-P?	Escreve-se N-A-P?
15. Sorry, it's Knapp with a K and double P.	Desculpe, Knapp se escreve com K e dois Ps.
16. It's Rob - with an R and Knapp with a silent K.	Rob com R e Knapp com K mudo.
17. That's right.	Está certo.
18. May I see your passport, please?	Posso ver o seu passaporte, por favor?
19. What time's breakfast?	A que horas é o café da manhã?
20. It's closing in half an hour.	Fechará em meia hora.
21. Thanks but I'm really not hungry.	Obrigado, mas na verdade, eu não estou com fome.
22. I just need to sleep.	Eu só preciso dormir.
23. Here's your key.	Aqui está sua chave.
24. Do you need help with your bags?	Você precisa de ajuda com as suas malas?
25. Good night sir. Sleep well!	Boa noite, Sr. Durma bem!

7E.5 Race the tape (see above)

7E.7
1. What time do your classes start?
3. What do you have for breakfast?
4. Do you have to wear uniform?
5. How do you get (travel) to school?
6. What time do you (usually) arrive?
11. How many classes do you have to teach before lunch?
13. (Good evening/ afternoon/ morning) Can I help you?
15. How do you spell that?
20. When does the restaurant close?
21. Would you like something to eat?

à go to Unit 8 A

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